Hyperemesis gravidarum: a literature review

Abstract

Background: Pregnancy is a time of physiological changes that lead to the development of various symptoms, the most common of which are nausea and vomiting; these are present in 70-80% of all pregnant women. They usually appear between the second and fourth week of gestation, and spread up to 22 weeks. Hyperemesis gravidarum consists of repeated vomiting at least one to four times a day, associated with constitutional changes in weight. Objective: to update the community on diagnostic and therapeutic advances in hyperemesis gravidarum. Methods: we used articles of great scientific relevance, validated and published in the last 5 years in different databases such as: Pubmed, Scopus or Web of Science, in English and Spanish, that address the diagnosis and treatment of hyperemesis gravidarum. Results: the review of the methods of diagnosis of HG referred to in the scientific literature leads to the conclusion that to date no universal system for classifying the disease has been adopted.