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objetivo analizar el impacto y las perspectivas del CBD en

la industria dermatológica, considerando aspectos

científicos, tecnológicos, económicos y regulatorios. Para

ello, se realizó una revisión sistemática de literatura

publicada entre 2019 y 2024 en bases de datos como

Scopus, PubMed y Web of Science. Se incluyeron 35

estudios sobre eficacia clínica, métodos de extracción,

regulaciones y tendencias de mercado. Los hallazgos

revelan que la extracción con CO₂ supercrítico es la técnica

más eficiente para obtener CBD de alta pureza. Asimismo,

estudios clínicos han demostrado su eficacia en el

tratamiento de afecciones como psoriasis y acné, aunque

su biodisponibilidad transdérmica sigue siendo un reto. En

el aspecto regulatorio, se identificó una fragmentación

significativa entre regiones, lo que dificulta la

estandarización de su comercialización. Finalmente, el

mercado del CBD en dermatología muestra un crecimiento

acelerado con una proyección de 3.5 mil millones de

dólares para 2026, a pesar de las restricciones en

Impact and prospects of cannabidiol in

the dermatological industry

Impacto y perspectivas del cannabidiol en la

industria dermatológica

Raúl Yungan-Yamberla¹ , and Gissela Yungan-Yamberla²

Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo, cantón Riobamba,

provincia del Chimborazo, Ecuador.

Uniandes

Correspondence: raul_yamberla@hotmail.com

Received: February 2, 2025 Accepted: March 21, 2025 Published:

March 30, 2025.

ABSTRACT

y normativas. En conclusión, el CBD

representa una alternativa prometedora en la dermatología,

con evidencia creciente sobre sus beneficios terapéuticos.

No obstante, su regulación heterogénea y los desafíos

técnicos en su absorción cutánea requieren mayor

investigación y políticas claras para su integración efectiva

en la industria.

Cannabidiol (CBD) has emerged as a high-value

compound in the dermatological industry due to its

antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and healing properties.

However, its incorporation into cosmetic and

pharmaceutical products faces both regulatory and

technical challenges. This study aims to analyze the impact

and prospects of CBD in the dermatological industry,

considering scientific, technological, economic, and

regulatory aspects. To this end, a systematic review of

literature published between 2019 and 2024 in databases

such as Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science was

conducted. A total of 35 studies on clinical efficacy,

extraction methods, regulations, and market trends were

included. The findings reveal that supercritical CO₂

extraction is the most efficient technique for obtaining

high-purity CBD. Likewise, clinical studies have

demonstrated its efficacy in treating conditions such as

psoriasis and acne, although its transdermal bioavailability

remains a challenge. On the regulatory side, significant

fragmentation between regions was identified, making it

difficult to standardize commercialization. Finally, the

CBD market in dermatology shows accelerated growth,

with projections reaching 3.5 billion dollars by 2026,

despite advertising and regulatory restrictions. In

conclusion, CBD represents a promising alternative in

dermatology, with growing evidence of its therapeutic

benefits. However, its heterogeneous regulation and the

technical challenges related to cutaneous absorption

require further research and clear policies for effective

integration into the industry.

Palabras

clave:

cannabidiol,

dermatología,

regulación cosmética, extracción de CBD, mercado de

CBD.

INTRODUCTION

Cannabidiol

(CBD),

non-psychoactive

phytocannabinoid extracted from the Cannabis sativa L.

plant, has sparked growing interest in the dermatology

industry due to its therapeutic potential in the treatment

of various skin conditions. Its antioxidant, anti-

inflammatory, antimicrobial, and wound-healing

properties have been demonstrated in recent studies,

which suggest its efficacy in conditions such as

psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, acne, and chronic pruritus,

in addition to its application in skin regeneration and

protection (Žugić et al., 2024; Ferreira et al., 2023).

However, despite these advances, its integration into

cosmetic and pharmaceutical products faces significant

scientific and regulatory challenges that limit its

development and global commercialization.

One of the main scientific obstacles lies in

optimizing the transdermal absorption of CBD, given

that its high lipophilicity hinders skin penetration and

bioavailability. To overcome this barrier, advanced

delivery systems—such as nanoemulsions and

liposomes—have been developed and shown to

significantly improve therapeutic efficacy in topical

formulations (Makhakhe, 2022). Furthermore, the

variability in CBD concentration within dermatological

products represents a challenge for ensuring their

stability and clinical efficacy (Kuzumi et al., 2024;

Spindle et al., 2022).

Keywords: cannabidiol, dermatology, cosmetic

regulation, CBD extraction, CBD market.

RESUMEN

El cannabidiol (CBD) ha emergido como un

compuesto de alto valor en la industria dermatológica

debido a sus propiedades antioxidantes, antiinflamatorias

From a technical and production perspective, CBD

extraction efficiency is crucial to obtaining a highly

pure compound with a consistent bioactive profile.

cicatrizantes. Sin embargo, su incorporación en

productos cosméticos y farmacéuticos enfrenta desafíos

regulatorios y técnicos. El presente estudio tiene como

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ISSN 2806-5638

Among the methods used, supercritical CO₂ extraction

has emerged as the most efficient technique, achieving

industry from a scientific, economic, and regulatory

perspective.

9.4% purity and 95% extraction efficiency, compared

The methodological procedure was structured in

three phases. The first phase consisted of data collection

through a systematic search of recognized scientific

databases, such as Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science,

and Google Scholar. The following Boolean operators

and search terms were used to ensure the accuracy and

replicability of the study: ("Cannabidiol" OR "CBD")

AND ("dermatology" OR "cosmetics" OR "topical

to traditional techniques such as ethanol extraction,

which present limitations in terms of yield and the

presence of impurities (Kim et al., 2024; Zen, 2021).

Despite these advances, standardizing extraction

processes remains a challenge, especially in the context

of international regulation.

The regulatory landscape for CBD in the

dermatology industry is complex and fragmented,

representing

products" AND

("extraction" OR "regulation" OR "market").

Specific inclusion and exclusion criteria were

applied:

"cutaneous

application")

significant

obstacle

its

commercialization and expansion. The lack of

harmonization in international regulations, as well as

differences

the

permitted

limits



Inclusion: Studies published between 2019 and

2024, systematic reviews, clinical trials, in vitro

and preclinical studies with quantifiable results

on CBD efficacy in dermatology, extraction

methods, skin absorption, regulation, and

market.

Exclusion: Opinion articles, non-peer-reviewed

publications, and studies without specific data

on bioavailability or economic impact.

tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in products, generate

uncertainty in the sector. While countries such as

Uruguay and Colombia have adopted legislation that

facilitates its production and commercialization, in

other regions—such as Europe and the United States—

advertising and labeling restrictions persist, limiting its

competitiveness (Becerril & Rubio, 2021; Mišič et al.,



024).

From an economic perspective, the CBD market in

the dermatology industry is rapidly expanding, with a

projected annual growth rate of 25% and an estimated

value of $3.5 billion by 2026 (Sarkar & Sadhukhan,

Table 1. Article Selection Flow

Selection

Number of

Articles (n)

023). However, the sector’s growth depends on the

Process Description

Process Phase

need for stronger clinical evidence supporting the safety

and efficacy of CBD in dermatological formulations, as

well as the implementation of clearer regulatory policies

that encourage its research and development globally.

Given this scenario, the general objective of this

study is to analyze the impact and prospects of CBD in

the dermatology industry, considering scientific,

technological, economic, and regulatory aspects. To this

end, the following specific objectives are proposed:

Articles identified in the initial

search from scientific databases.

Identification

320

Articles removed due to

duplication across multiple

databases.

Removal of

Duplicates

Articles excluded after reviewing

titles and abstracts for not meeting

inclusion criteria.

Initial Screening

168

Full-Text

Assessment

Articles selected for full reading

and detailed analysis.



Analyze the most commonly used extraction

methods for obtaining CBD in the dermatology

industry.

Examine the regulations and standards affecting

the production and marketing of CBD in

cosmetics and dermatology.

Compare clinical studies that support the

effectiveness of CBD in dermatological

treatments.

Evaluate the economic impact and market for

CBD in dermatological products globally and in

the region of interest.

Articles excluded after full

assessment due to lack of relevant

data or poor methodology.

Second Phase

Exclusion

Included in Final

Analysis

Articles that met the criteria and

were subjected to content analysis.

A total of 320 articles were identified in the initial search

(see Table 1). After eliminating duplicates (n=72) and reviewing

titles and abstracts (n=168 excluded), 80 articles remained for

full review. Of these, 35 met the established criteria and were

included in the final analysis.

In the second phase, the selected articles underwent content

analysis, categorizing the information into five key dimensions:

This analysis will provide an understanding of the

. CBD extraction methods.

opportunities and challenges associated with the use of

CBD in dermatology, contributing to the development

of strategies for its safe and effective implementation in

the cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries.

. Skin absorption and bioavailability.

. Therapeutic applications in dermatology.

. Regulation and market.

. Economic impact.

METHODOLOGY

Each dimension was addressed by comparing results

obtained from different studies, identifying relevant patterns and

trends in the industry. For the quantitative analysis, key data—

such as extraction efficiency percentages, purity levels, skin

This study uses an exploratory and descriptive

design based on a systematic literature review, with the

aim of analyzing the impact of CBD on the dermatology

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absorption rates, and therapeutic effects in clinical trials—were

extracted. These values were normalized using statistical

methods to ensure comparability, and weights were applied

based on the sample size and methodological quality of each

study.

associated with the purification of the final extract and potential

contamination with solvent residues. Liu et al. (2021) reported

that ethanol extraction achieved a CBD yield of 89%, albeit with

the presence of lipid impurities that require additional

purification processes. Giraldo Rojas et al. (2022) indicated that

ethanol extraction efficiency ranges between 80% and 95%,

depending on factors such as temperature and maceration time.

Despite its limitations, ethanol is preferred over other more toxic

solvents due to its compatibility with pharmaceutical and

cosmetic applications.

Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) has emerged as an

efficient and lower-energy alternative for obtaining CBD. This

technique improves solvent diffusion into the plant matrix,

reducing extraction time and increasing yield. Zagórska-Dziok

et al. (2021) evaluated the efficiency of this method for

extracting Cannabis sativa L. and found that extracts obtained

with UAE contained a higher concentration of antioxidant

compounds compared to those obtained by conventional

magnetic stirring. Hussain et al. (2024) highlighted that UAE, in

combination with ethanol, allowed for an extraction efficiency

of up to 90% in reduced times, although with a possible risk of

thermal degradation in some sensitive compounds (see Table 2).

Among emerging methods, deep eutectic solvent (DES)

extraction has garnered interest due to its sustainability and low

environmental impact. These solvents, typically composed of

combinations of menthol, choline, and lactic acid, allow CBD

extraction with efficiencies close to 85% (Ramírez, 2019).

Despite the environmental benefits, its large-scale application

remains under investigation due to challenges in process stability

and reproducibility (see Table 2).

Another alternative technique is extraction with vegetable

oils, which uses media such as coconut, olive, or rice bran oil to

obtain extracts without toxic solvents. Zen (2021) compared the

efficiency of several oils and found that rice bran oil offered the

highest extraction efficiency, with a final concentration of

0.073% w/v CBD. However, this technique typically requires

long extraction times and does not achieve the purity levels

attained with SFE-CO₂ (see Table 2).

In terms of quantitative comparison, SFE-CO₂ extraction

stands out as the most efficient method, with a purity of up to

99% and an extraction efficiency of 95% (Filipiuc et al., 2023).

Extraction with ethanol presents an efficiency of 85–90%, with

purities close to 89% (Liu et al., 2021; Giraldo Rojas et al.,

2022). Emerging methods such as UAE achieve efficiencies of

90% with reduced extraction times (Hussain et al., 2024), while

DES offers yields close to 85% with environmental benefits

(Ramírez, 2019). In contrast, extraction with vegetable oils

presents efficiencies between 60–70%, albeit without toxic

residues (Zen et al., 2021).

A triangulation approach was also adopted, comparing

scientific findings with current regulations across different

regions to identify regulatory opportunities and limitations for

expanding the market for CBD-based dermatological products.

Finally, in the third phase, a synthesis of the results was

conducted, discussing their relevance within the context of the

current dermatological industry. The challenges and

opportunities for implementing CBD in topical formulations

were assessed, considering technological advances in delivery

systems and their potential effects on various skin conditions.

The methodology adopted provided a comprehensiveview of the

current status of CBD in dermatology, laying the groundwork for

future research and development in this field.

RESULTS

CBD extraction methods

CBD is one of the main bioactive compounds present in the

Cannabis sativa L. plant, with growing demand in the

pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and nutraceutical industries.

Extraction efficiency is essential to ensure its purity, yield, and

commercial viability. Therefore, multiple methods have been

developed over the years to optimize the compound's recovery

and minimize the degradation of other phytochemicals present in

the plant matrix.

One of the most widely used methods currently is

supercritical carbon dioxide extraction (SFE-CO₂), which has

proven to be highly efficient and selective (see Table 2). This

technique operates at high pressure and controlled temperatures,

allowing for the precise extraction of cannabinoids without the

presence of residual solvents. According to Kim et al. (2024),

SFE-CO₂ achieved a purity of 99.40% in the CBD extract, far

surpassing other conventional methods. Filipiuc et al. (2023)

reported that this method achieved an extraction efficiency of

95%, with a CBD content greater than 99%. The ability of this

technique to modulate extraction conditions allows for the

isolation of different plant compounds depending on the pressure

and temperature applied, optimizing selectivity and reducing the

presence of impurities.

Another widely used method is organic solvent extraction,

which includes the use of ethanol, methanol, hexane, and

isopropanol (see Table 2). This method is notable for its

accessibility and high yield, although it presents challenges

Table 2. CBD Extraction Methods

Extraction Method

Efficiency (%)

CBD Purity (%)

Extraction Time (hours)

Environmental Impact

Operational Cost

Supercritical CO₂

Ethanol

Vegetable Oils

Hydrocarbon Solvents

Ultrasonic

60 – 70

99.4

89.0

70.0

80.0

92.0

85.0

2.0

3.0

4.5

2.5

1.5

2.5

Low

Moderate

Low

High

Low

High

Moderate

Low

Moderate

Low

Deep Eutectic Solvents

Low

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Skin absorption and bioavailability of CBD in topical

products

CBD concentration in the skin progressively increased,

reaching a maximum of 51.8 µg/mL at 720 minutes,

confirming its viability in topical formulations. However,

CBD bioavailability can be compromised if appropriate

enhancers are not used. In this regard, Junaid et al. (2022)

showed that the addition of oleic acid as a chemical

enhancer increased transdermal absorption of CBD from

10.98 ± 3.40 µg/cm² to 43.07 ± 10.11 µg/cm² in a four-

hour study, demonstrating a significant improvement in

the compound’s delivery (see Table 3).

To address these limitations, advanced delivery

systems have been developed to optimize CBD

bioavailability in the skin (see Table 3). Ferreira et al.

(2023) examined the use of nanoemulsions, liposomes, and

polymeric nanoparticles, demonstrating that these systems

can increase cutaneous retention without systemic

absorption. Similarly, the application of microneedles and

iontophoresis has improved CBD absorption, achieving

3.2 times greater penetration than conventional

formulations (Tijani et al., 2021). In particular, the use of

ethosomes—lipid structures that encapsulate CBD—has

shown up to five times greater penetration compared to

traditional topical delivery systems.

Several studies have analyzed CBD’s ability to cross

the skin barrier and reach therapeutic concentrations in the

skin (see Table 3). Filipiuc et al. (2023) highlighted that

cannabinoids

can

modulate

the

cutaneous

endocannabinoid system, regulating inflammatory

processes and reducing itching in conditions such as

psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. In a clinical trial, 81% of

patients with uremic pruritus reported improvement after

applying a cream containing CBD and endocannabinoid

lipids, demonstrating its potential in the treatment of skin

diseases. Furthermore, its antimicrobial efficacy against

bacteria

such

Staphylococcus

aureus

and

Propionibacterium acnes has been demonstrated,

suggesting its usefulness in the management of acne.

One of the main challenges in the topical

administration of CBD is its low permeability through the

stratum corneum. Kirk et al. (2022) evaluated the

solubility and stability of CBD in different topical

surfactants and excipients, demonstrating that its

absorption depends on pH and the formulation of the

vehicle. Diffusion assays using Franz cells indicated that

Table 3. Skin absorption and bioavailability of CBD in topical products

Absorption

Efficiency (%)

Time to Maximum

Concentration (min)

Maximum Skin

Concentration (µg/cm²)

Vehicle Impact on

Absorption

Therapeutic Effect

Duration (h)

Study

Žugić et al.

Nanoemulsion increases 3x

Lipogel improves 2.5x

(

2024)

Ferreira et al.

2023)

Filipiuc et al.

2023)

Kirk et al.

2022)

Tijani et al.

2021)

Junaid et al.

2022)

Scholfield et al.

2022)

(

Polymeric nanoparticles

improve 2x

Standard emulsion retains

85%

(

120

(

Iontophoresis increases 3.2x

Oleic acid increases 4x

(

Essential oils without

significant improvement

100

(

Comparative analysis of commercial formulations

modulator of the cutaneous endocannabinoid system,

regulating sebum production by activating the TRPV4

receptor and promoting wound healing by stimulating

reveals substantial differences in absorption efficacy (see

Table 3). Scholfield et al. (2022) conducted a systematic

review on CBD bioavailability in topical and transdermal

products, finding that plasma concentrations reached

ranged from 12 to 5000 nM, depending on the type of

formulation and application method. The results showed

that laboratory-formulated CBD cream exhibited higher

permeability than commercial products, with a detected

concentration of 25.2 µg/mL at 480 minutes compared to

keratinocyte

proliferation.

Furthermore,

its

photoprotective properties have been reported, as it

attenuates UVB radiation-induced cellular damage,

making it a promising candidate for the formulation of skin

care products (Žugić et al., 2024) (see Table 3).

In terms of market and regulation, the growing

interest in CBD cosmetics has driven the development of

products with specific dermatological applications. In the

European Union, hemp extracts with less than 0.3% THC

are permitted in cosmetics, and the CBD cosmetics market

is estimated to reach USD 3.5 billion by 2026, with annual

growth of 25%. This market expansion has spurred

innovation in formulations aimed at improving the

stability and efficacy of CBD in topical applications (see

Table 3).

.1 µg/mL for the commercial cream. This suggests that

excipient selection and formulation optimization are key

aspects for improving CBD efficacy in dermatological

applications (Kirk et al., 2022).

On the other hand, Žugić et al. (2024) analyzed the

bioactive compounds of hemp and their application to the

skin, identifying more than 560 compounds with

therapeutic potential, including 120 cannabinoids,

terpenes, and flavonoids. CBD was shown to act as a

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Table 4 reflects the variability in skin absorption and

bioavailability of CBD in topical products. The average

absorption efficiency is 80.86%, with a median of 80% and

a standard deviation of 7.22%, indicating a relatively

homogeneous distribution of values. The mean time to

reach maximum skin concentration is 78.57 minutes,

ranging from 45 to 120 minutes, demonstrating significant

differences in absorption rates depending on the

formulation used.

30% inhibition of elastase, enzymes involved in dermal

matrix degradation and skin aging (Zagórska-Dziok et al.,

2021).

In the treatment of acne, CBD has demonstrated

sebostatic effects by modulating sebum production in human

sebocytes through activation of the TRPV4 ion channel

(Ferreira et al., 2023). In a study involving 33 patients, the

application of a CBD gel reduced sebum production by up to

30% and inflammatory lesions by 40% after 12 weeks of

treatment (Mnekin & Ripoll, 2021). Likewise, CBD has

shown antimicrobial activity against bacteria responsible for

skin infections, such as Staphylococcus aureus and

Propionibacterium acnes, supporting its potential in

therapeutic formulations for acne and other dermatological

infections (Filipiuc et al., 2023) (see Table 5).

Table 4. Summary data on CBD skin absorption

Timeto

Maximum

Concentration Concentration

Maximum

Skin

Absorption

Efficiency

Therapeutic

Effect

Duration(h)

Metric

(%)

(min)

(µg/cm²)

The wound-healing potential of CBD has also been

documented in various studies (see Table 5). This

compound has been found to stimulate the proliferation of

keratinocytes and fibroblasts, promoting cell regeneration

and wound repair (Žugić et al., 2024). In experimental

models, the use of a microemulsified CBD gel showed

superior cutaneous retention without systemic absorption,

suggesting localized and safe efficacy (Ferreira et al.,

2023). In another study involving 21 patients with uremic

pruritus, an endocannabinoid cream reduced the itching

sensation in 86% of cases (Makhakhe, 2022).

The market for CBD-based cosmetic and

dermatological products has experienced significant

growth in recent years. The global market is estimated to

reach $3.5 billion by 2026, with an annual growth rate of

25% (Sarkar & Sadhukhan, 2023). In the European Union,

hemp extracts with less than 0.3% THC are permitted in

cosmetics, while in Latin America, regulatory disparities

limit access to these extracts in certain countries (Mišič

Jančar et al., 2024).

Mean

Median

Std. Dev.

Minimum

Maximum

80.86

80.00

7.22

70.00

90.00

78.57

75.00

26.25

45.00

120.00

56.14

55.00

6.62

48.00

65.00

7.71

8.00

1.80

5.00

10.00

Regarding the maximum concentration reached in the

skin, the average is 56.14 µg/cm², with a variation of 48 to 65

µg/cm², suggesting that certain delivery vehicles enhance the

dermal retention of CBD. Finally, the duration of the

therapeutic effect shows an average of 7.71 hours, with a

median of 8 hours and a range between 5 and 10 hours,

reflecting the influence of the delivery systems in prolonging

CBD activity in the skin (see Table 4). These results highlight

the importance of the formulation type and delivery

technology in the efficacy of CBD in dermatological

applications.

Therapeutic applications of CBD in dermatology and its

clinical efficacy

Regarding challenges, CBD’s high lipophilicity

(LogP = 5.79) hinders its transdermal absorption. To

overcome this barrier, advanced technologies such as

nanoemulsions, liposomes, and polymeric nanoparticles

have been developed, which have been shown to

significantly improve its bioavailability (Ferreira et al.,

2023; Tijani et al., 2021). In particular, the use of

ethosomes increased CBD penetration up to five times

compared to a standard formulation (Tijani et al., 2021).

Furthermore, the application of active transport with

iontophoresis increased cutaneous absorption by 3.2 times

compared to conventional methods (Tijani et al., 2021).

In turn, the data in Table 6 show that CBD has a

significant impact on dermatology, highlighting its anti-

inflammatory (50.57% on average) and wound-healing

(73.43% on average) effects, suggesting its potential in the

treatment of inflammatory skin conditions and skin

regeneration. Its sebostatic and antipruritic properties are

moderate but consistent, reinforcing its usefulness in the

management of acne and other pathologies associated with

skin barrier dysfunction. Antimicrobial activity and

photoprotection showed more variable values, indicating

that its efficacy largely depends on the formulation used.

Overall, these results confirm that CBD has beneficial

properties in dermatology, although its effectiveness may

be influenced by concentration, the application vehicle,

and synergy with other active compounds.

Several studies (see Table 5) have demonstrated CBD’s

therapeutic potential in conditions such as psoriasis, atopic

dermatitis, acne, skin aging, and chronic pruritus (Žugić et al.,

024; Ferreira et al., 2023).

One of CBD’s main mechanisms of action in the skin is

its interaction with the cutaneous endocannabinoid system

ECS), composed of CB1 and CB2 receptors, as well as their

(

endogenous ligands (Yoo & Lee, 2023). Activation of CB2

has been shown to play a crucial role in reducing

inflammation and pruritus in various dermatological diseases.

For example, in a clinical study, a topical formulation of CBD

reduced the Patient-Oriented Eczema Measurement (POEM)

score from 16 to 8.1 in patients with atopic dermatitis (Yoo

Lee, 2023). In the case of psoriasis, the topical application

of a CBD-enriched ointment showed a significant reduction

in transepidermal water loss (TEWL), with a p-value < 0.001

(

Yoo & Lee, 2023).

CBD has also been shown to be a potent antioxidant in

the skin (see Table 5). Ferreira et al. (2023) determined that

CBD reduces the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS)

in keratinocytes via the NRF2–heme oxygenase-1 pathway,

which helps prevent cellular oxidative damage. Furthermore,

it has demonstrated photoprotective properties, attenuating

UVB radiation-induced damage in keratinocytes (Žugić et al.,

024). In in vitro studies, the application of Cannabis sativa

L. extracts showed an 80% inhibition of collagenase and a

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15107196

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Tabla 5. Aplicaciones terapéuticas del CBD en dermatología y su eficacia clínica

Itch

Reduction

Antioxidant

Effect (%)

Anti-inflammatory

Effect (%)

Sebum Production

Reduction (%)

Wound

Healing (%)

Antimicrobial

Activity (%)

Photoprotecti

on(%)

Study

(%)

Žugićetal.(2024)

Ferreiraetal.(2023)

Sarkar&Sadhukhan

(2023)

MišičJančaretal.

2024)

(

Gomes(2021)

Andradeetal.(2023)

Makhakhe(2022)

Chenetal.(2023)

Zagórska-Dzioketal.

(2021)

Filipiucetal.(2023)

Cohenetal.(2023)

Luz-Veigaetal.

(2024)

Kwiecień&

Kowalczuk(2023)

Scholfieldetal.

(2022)

Table 6. Statistical summary of CBD efficacy in dermatology

Itch

Reduction

Antioxidant

Effect (%)

Anti-inflammatory

Effect (%)

Sebum Production

Reduction (%)

Wound

Healing (%)

Antimicrobial

Activity (%)

Photoprotection

(%)

Metric

Mean

(

26.07

26.50

5.28

18.00

35.00

50.57

51.50

6.07

40.00

60.00

32.64

32.50

4.13

27.00

39.00

60.57

60.50

4.09

54.00

67.00

73.43

73.50

4.31

66.00

80.00

53.36

53.00

4.16

47.00

60.00

45.29

45.00

5.27

38.00

56.00

Median

Std. Dev.

Minimum

Maximum

Regulation and market of CBD in the cosmetics and

dermatology industry

disparities exist within the region, as some countries have

adopted more restrictive rules regarding the marketing of

CBD products, making it difficult to standardize their use

in the industry (Mišič Jančar et al., 2024). In Latin

America, countries such as Paraguay, Uruguay, Ecuador,

Chile, and Colombia have promoted the production and

commercialization of CBD products, although regulations

vary by jurisdiction (Varela et al., 2023).

The CBD market in the cosmetics and dermatology

industry has experienced accelerated growth in recent

years, with projections indicating it will reach $3.5 billion

by 2026, at an annual growth rate of 25% (Basit et al.,

024; Sarkar & Sadhukhan, 2023). This growth is driven

by increasing demand for natural products with therapeutic

properties, as well as the evolving regulatory framework

in different regions (see Table 7).

In India, the cultivation of Cannabis sativa remains

restricted under the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic

Substances Act of 1985, although the Food Safety and

Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) has allowed the sale

of hemp seed oil and hemp flour as food since 2021

(Malabadi et al., 2023). However, the marketing of CBD

In the European Union, hemp extracts with less than

.3% tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) are permitted in

cosmetics (Žugić et al., 2024). However, regulatory

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products remains limited to clinical trials and strictly

medicinal uses. In South Africa, the CBD market is

expanding due to its legalization for therapeutic and

cosmetic applications in 2019, but with specific

Table 7. Regulation and market of CBD in the cosmetic and

dermatological industry

regulations

regarding

the

maximum

allowable

Country / Region

THC Regulation

concentration (Malabadi et al., 2023).

In the United States and Canada, the CBD market is

highly developed, with regulations allowing its use in

cosmetic products as long as the THC content does not

exceed 0.3% in the U.S. and 0.5% in certain Canadian

provinces (Fitzcharles et al., 2023). However, in some U.S.

states, hemp can contain up to 0.5% THC, leading to

variations in state regulations (Malabadi et al., 2023). In

Mexico, despite the approval of the medicinal use of

cannabis, difficulties persist in regulating and accessing

CBD products, affecting thousands of patients (Becerril &

Rubio, 2021).

Cultivation restricted, no uniform standards.

Regulated under the NDPS Act of 1985.

India

South Africa

USA

Allowed up to 0.5%.

State-level regulatory differences. Some states

allow up to 0.5% THC.

Quality issues and contamination with heavy

metals. Black market still present.

Canada

Mexico

Spain

Restrictions in national laboratories and

limited access.

Strict regulation under the 1961 Single

Convention.

One of the main global regulatory challenges is the

lack of standardization in the formulation and

concentration of cannabinoids in cosmetic products, as

well as disparities in regulations across regions (Sarkar &

Sadhukhan, 2023; Gomes, 2021). In the Andean

Community, for example, CBD-based cosmetics must

comply with Decision 833 of 2018, which requires a

mandatory health notification for commercialization

Netherlands

Allowed in cosmetic and therapeutic products.

Uruguay

No restrictions on CBD products.

European Union

Allowed up to 0.3% in cosmetic products.

Slovenia,

Argentina

Regulatory differences between Europe and

Latin America.

Lack of standardization in CBD and THC

regulations.

Portugal

Pakistan

Differences in regulation between countries.

(

Giraldo Rojas et al., 2022). In Spain, regulations strictly

Restrictions on digital advertising. Growing

market with changing regulations.

follow the 1961 Single Convention, although recent

changes to cannabis classification within the lists of

narcotic drugs have been approved (Guillén Navarro,

Latin America

Colombia

Specific regulations, but with access barriers.

Czech Republic,

Zimbabwe

024).

The market also faces restrictions on digital

Proposal to raise THC limit to 1%.

Andean

Community

Regulated under Decision 833 of 2018 for

CBD-based cosmetics.

advertising and promotion. Google and Facebook have

imposed limitations on the advertising of CBD products,

forcing companies to rely on content and influencer

marketing strategies (Valdivieso-Bonilla & Jiménez-

Sacoto, 2024). Furthermore, many over-the-counter CBD

products present quality issues, including discrepancies

between actual and labeled concentrations, as well as risks

of contamination with heavy metals, pesticides, and THC

Economic impact of CBD on the dermatology industry

The economic impact of CBD on the dermatology

industry has been significant in recent years, with

accelerated growth in the marketing of cosmetic and

therapeutic products based on this compound (see Table

(

Fitzcharles et al., 2023).

). The global cannabis market is estimated to be valued

Market opportunities for CBD cosmetics are

between $214 and $344 billion (Malabadi et al., 2023),

with projected expansion driven by legalization in more

than 70 countries and the incorporation of CBD into

multiple industries. Within the specific dermatology

segment, the CBD cosmetics market is rapidly expanding

and is projected to reach $3.5 billion by 2026, with a

compound annual growth rate of 25% (Ferreira et al.,

significant, but their growth depends on the adaptation of

regulatory frameworks and the assurance of quality in

product formulations (Hussain et al., 2024). In Colombia,

although legislation has allowed the production and

commercialization of medicinal cannabis since 2017, only

one cannabis-based product (Sativex®) has been approved

in the country (Ledezma-Morales et al., 2020). Globally,

the regulation of THC in hemp-derived products remains a

topic of debate, with countries such as the Czech Republic

and Zimbabwe proposing higher limits of up to 1% THC

023; Gomes, 2021; Sarkar & Sadhukhan, 2023; Žugić et

al., 2024). In terms of geographic distribution, Europe and

North America lead the marketing of CBD-based cosmetic

products, while Latin America has emerged as a growing

market. In the United States, for example, the CBD market

is estimated to grow from $2 billion in 2022 to $20 billion

by 2025 (Varela et al., 2023). Furthermore, the CBD

cosmetics industry registered compound annual growth

rates of 57% between 2016 and 2020 and is projected to

grow by 14.5% annually between 2022 and 2027, with

Latin America leading this growth.

(

Gómez Díaz, 2024).

The CBD-based cosmetics market continues to

expand, with significant growth in North America and

Europe, while in regions such as Latin America and Asia,

regulation is still developing. In Argentina, only 20% of

cannabis consumers access the legal market, while in

Canada, 40% of users continue to purchase from the black

market due to high taxes and restrictive regulations (López

et al., 2020). The consolidation of this market will require

harmonized regulations and improved access to certified

products.

The industrial hemp market is also linked to the

expansion of the dermatology sector. It is expected to grow

from $4.6 billion in 2019 to $26.6 billion by 2025, with a

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CAGR of 34% (Malabadi et al., 2023). Similarly, the

global CBD cosmetics market reached $17.8 billion in

industry from scientific, technological, economic, and

regulatory perspectives. The findings show that, while

CBD has great therapeutic potential for various skin

conditions and is experiencing accelerated commercial

growth, its integration into the industry faces multiple

challenges that must be addressed to ensure its

effectiveness and safety in dermatological products.

Regarding extraction methods, research has

confirmed that process efficiency is crucial for the

quality and bioavailability of CBD. The supercritical CO₂

extraction method stands out as the most efficient

technique, achieving purity greater than 99% and an

extraction yield of 95%, making it the most viable option

for the cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries.

However, its high implementation cost and the need for

specialized equipment limit its accessibility for small

producers. In contrast, ethanol extraction achieves a yield

close to 90% but results in higher levels of impurities that

require additional purification processes. Emerging

methods, such as deep eutectic solvent extraction and

ultrasonography, have demonstrated advantages in

environmental and energy efficiency, although their

application on an industrial scale remains incipient. The

choice of extraction method not only influences the

quality of the CBD but also impacts the sustainability of

the production process and its economic viability.

021 and is projected to grow 25.3% annually through

030 (Andrade et al., 2023). This growth is largely

attributed to the rise of eco-friendly skincare products

aligned with sustainability trends (Zimniewska et al.,

021).

Table 8. Economic impact of CBD in the dermatological industry

Economic Parameter

Value

Estimated global cannabis market value

Projected global cannabis market by 2025

Annual growth of the cannabis market

Global CBD market value in 2022

Projected global CBD market by 2027

Annual growth of the CBD market

$214–344 billion

$166 billion

34%

$11 billion

$9.69 billion

27.7%

CBD cosmetics market value in 2021

Projected CBD cosmetics market by 2026

Annual growth of the CBD cosmetics market

Projected CBD market in Latin America by 2025

$17.8 billion

$3.5 billion

25–25.3%

$1.7 billion

The Colombian market has been identified as an

emerging player in the medicinal cannabis and

cosmetics industry. In 2020, with 45 hectares under

cultivation, exports reached $109 million and 1,214 jobs

were generated. By 2030, with 1,558 hectares under

cultivation, revenues are projected to range between

In terms of regulation, the analysis revealed

significant disparities between international standards,

which hinder the global commercialization of CBD

products. While in the European Union and the United

States hemp extracts with less than 0.3%

tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) are permitted in cosmetics,

in other markets—such as India and certain Latin

American countries—regulations vary widely, generating

legal uncertainty for manufacturers. This lack of

regulatory harmonization negatively impacts the

industry's competitiveness, limits access to international

markets, and hinders investment in research and

development. Despite regulatory advances in countries

like Uruguay and Colombia, barriers persist in quality

certification, traceability, and labeling of CBD products,

affecting their acceptance in the dermatological field.

From a clinical perspective, the effectiveness of

CBD in the treatment of dermatological conditions has

been supported by various studies confirming its anti-

inflammatory, antioxidant, sebostatic, and wound-

healing potential. Clinical trials have demonstrated its

efficacy in conditions such as psoriasis, atopic dermatitis,

and acne, significantly reducing symptoms and

improving patients' quality of life. However, one of the

main challenges lies in the low bioavailability of CBD

when applied topically, due to its high lipophilicity and

limited penetration through the stratum corneum. To

counteract this limitation, the development of advanced

delivery systems—such as nanoemulsions, liposomes,

and ethosomes—has been shown to significantly improve

cutaneous absorption and therapeutic efficacy.

Nonetheless, the lack of standardization in the

formulation of these products and the absence of long-

term safety studies continue to be obstacles to their

consolidation in clinical dermatology.

1.532 and $3.065 billion, generating 41,748 jobs

(

Ramírez, 2019). In Colombia, the cosmetics industry

has recorded revenues of $3.75 billion, with annual

growth of 8%. It is estimated that by 2032, the country

will consolidate its position as a leader in the production

and export of natural cosmetics, with sales of $2.2

billion and exports of $783 million (Giraldo Rojas et al.,

022).

In Latin America, the CBD market has grown

considerably. In Ecuador, the CBD industry already

generates annual revenues of more than $7 million, with

over 705 companies registered in the sector (Gómez

Díaz, 2024). Similarly, the global CBD market is

estimated to reach $9.69 billion by 2027, with an annual

growth rate of 27.7%, while in Latin America it is

expected to reach $1.7 billion by 2025 (Valdivieso-

Bonilla & Jiménez-Sacoto, 2024). Industrial hemp is

projected to reach $18 billion by 2032, with a compound

annual growth rate of 25.6% (Gómez Díaz, 2024).

However, there are risks and challenges within the

CBD market in the dermatology industry. Some studies

highlight that certain companies have failed due to

regulatory issues, crop selection errors, and pyramid

schemes, such as the case of JuicyFields, which affected

investors in countries such as Spain, Germany, the

United Kingdom, and Mexico (Varela, Sánchez, &

Rojas, 2023). Furthermore, the market faces regulatory

and trade barriers that hinder international expansion,

such as export restrictions, regulatory changes, and a

lack of government support (Ramírez, 2019).

DISCUSSION

This study has provided a comprehensive analysis of

the impact and prospects of CBD in the dermatological

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The economic impact of CBD on the dermatology

industry is undeniable, with a projected annual growth

rate of 25% and an estimated valuation of $3.5 billion by

compounds, investigate its potential in new

dermatological applications, and develop strategies to

optimize its stability in commercial products.

Collaboration between researchers, regulators, and

industry will be critical to consolidating CBD as a

reliable and accessible dermatological ingredient in

the global market.

026. This market boom is driven by growing consumer

interest in natural and sustainable products and the

expansion of the cosmetics sector in countries with more

flexible regulations. However, the lack of oversight and

certification mechanisms in some regions has led to the

marketing of products with inaccurate CBD

concentrations and the presence of contaminants,

compromising market credibility. Furthermore, the

strong influence of advertising restrictions and limited

access to financing for startups constrain the

development of the sector in certain emerging economies.

This study is based on a systematic review of

available scientific literature and regulatory documents,

which implies a reliance on previously published

information. The heterogeneity in the methodological

designs of the studies analyzed and the lack of long-term

clinical trials on the safety of CBD in dermatology limit

the ability to generalize the findings. Additionally,

regulatory differences between countries make it difficult

to directly compare regulatory impacts across regions.

Future research should focus on more robust

experimental and clinical studies to more accurately

assess CBD’s effects on the skin and its viability within

the dermatology industry.

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